% Class 2 - Examples
% Coded by Nigel F Reuel on 8.29.19
%
% Types of Variables
%
% Numbers (scalar)
A1 = 12;
B2 = 13.4768;
% Text (string)
A = 'Hello world!'
B = 'My name is...'
% Combine strings by concantenation
C = [A B]
% Example of a column vector
ColVec = [1; 2; 3; 4]
% Example of a row vector
RowVec = [1 2 3 4]
% Example of a matrix (3x3)
Matrix = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
% How to access elements of a matrix
% (m,n) notation where m is the row, and n is the column
PickNum = Matrix(1,3)
Pick2Num = Matrix(2,1:2) % The : means 'to'
% Concantanate Vectors and Matrices, but they need to have the right
% dimensions
ColVec2 = [10; 11; 12];
Combined = [Matrix ColVec2]
% You can transpose a vector (change from row to column)
ColVec2_t = ColVec2'
% 
% Uploading Data from a file (usually excel)
% Using xlsread (NOTE: might disappear in next year)
D = xlsread('IowaStateFair.xlsx')
% Default, only numbers, no text
[num,txt,~] = xlsread('IowaStateFair.xlsx')
% Now we have the text info in a cell array
% To access info in the cell array use {}
Row4Text = txt{4,1}
% Answer: what is the attendance in 2019 on Day 5
Answer = num(6,2)
% The NEW way to open excel (or other data files)
% WARNING: if you don't have v 2019 it won't work
NumData = readmatrix('IowaStateFair.xlsx')
TextData = readcell('IowaStateFair.xlsx')
%
% Next: Mathmatical Operators
% Common: + - * / <-- Divide is this slash 
% This slash \ is for matrix math (super powerful)
% Exponents  (^)
W = 2^5
% Scientific notation 'e'
B = 1.35e4
% Element wise notation (this is used w/ matrices and vectors)
% . by a *,/, or ^ means you use this operator
% on each of the elements
M2 = Matrix./2 % This divides each element by 2
% Common built in math functions
% Log base 10 vs natural log
R = log(10) % this is natural log
R = log10(10)
% Rounding numbers
n1 = 2.356
n2 = round(n1) % standard rouding rules
n3 = ceil(n1)
n4 = 2.789
n5 = floor(n4)
% Other command to use on vectors (lists of numnbers)
% sum, min, max, mean, sort
% Example for total attendance in 2019
% num is the variable with the attendance data
Total_2019 = sum(num(2:end,2))
% except the last date
Total2_2019 = sum(num(2:end-1,2))
% Average daily attendance in 2018
Avg_2018 = mean(num(2:end,1))
%
% Creating a vector of numbers that are
% equally spaced (plotting)
Tvec = linspace(1,100,300) 
% This is time values 1 to 100s, with 300 steps
% Another way is to use (#:#:#) notation
Tvec2 = (1:0.5:100)
% Remember the middle number is the step size
% Create vectors of a single number
% I need a vector of 100 zeros
Zvec = zeros(100,1)
OneVec = ones(100,1)
% Random Numbers (many generators)
% Two most common
UniformRand = rand(1) 
% This is uniform random from 0 to 1
IntegerRand = randi(6)
% Built in variables to Matlab
pi
i
% You can request information from your user
V3 = input('How many scoops of ice cream did you get?');
% You can also display text:
disp('One more scoop would be:')
ans2 = V3 + 1
% Another way to do output of text and numbers
% (this can look nicer) is to use fprintf